{ "framework": "National Capability Framework", "name": "Critical Technology", "version": "0.1", "supersedes": "0.0", "version_date": "2026-08-16", "metadata": { "description": "Version 0.1 of the Critical Technology domain of the National Capability Framework. This release restructures the v0.0 taxonomy from eight capability groups and 63 capabilities to ten capability groups and 47 capabilities, introduces boundary_conditions and order_logic fields at every level, applies the rule that every description opens 'The capacity to' together with its corollary for this domain, that a technology is not a capability and the capability is the capacity to discover, make, deploy and control it, establishes those four layers as the fixed indicator read beneath every capability, and validates the structure against the convergence of national critical and emerging technology lists, national technology strategies and missions, multilateral export-control regimes and dual-use control lists, and the measurement instruments of the field, research-share rankings, patent, production and trade data, and technology-adoption indices, across every region.", "change_summary": [ "A single rule applied domain-wide, with a corollary for this domain: every description opens 'The capacity to', and a technology is not a capability, the capability being the capacity to discover, make, deploy and control it. Every v0.0 description that defined a technology rather than a national capacity was rewritten; the domain now records what nations can do about technologies, not what the technologies are.", "A four-layer indicator read established beneath every capability, in fixed order: discover (research strength in the named family), make (frontier production capacity and output), deploy (adoption and diffusion through the economy and the state) and control (supply-chain position, chokepoint leverage and concentration of dependence). Research-share rankings persist in full as the discover layer, so the consolidation in this release removes nothing from the measurement surface; it gives the measurements a capability to hang from.", "Semiconductors & Advanced Computing created as a capability group with the value chain as its capabilities: design and design tooling, fabrication, the equipment and materials that make fabrication possible, advanced packaging, compound and power devices, and the high-performance and AI computing the chain exists to build. This corrects the v0.0 filing of the era's most contested technology chain as a single node inside another group, and its splitting of computing across two groups.", "Bibliometric granularity consolidated to capability granularity: 21 capability identifiers retired, the largest turnover of any v0.1 release, every one a merge, an absorption, a split or a cross-domain disposition against a named successor. The logic throughout: a research-convenient slice, a single sensor type, a single fuel pathway, a single storage chemistry, a single platform class, is an indicator, not a national capacity.", "Group count set at ten on the convergence of government lists: a priority core present on every list examined, semiconductors, artificial intelligence, quantum and biotechnology, and a consensus ring of materials and manufacturing, energy, connectivity and cyber, sensing and navigation, robotics and autonomy, and space.", "Cross-domain repairs: minerals extraction and processing operations returned to Strategic Infrastructure, with processing, substitution and recycling technology reading across the materials capabilities; electronic warfare returned to National Security as an operational capability, with the radio-frequency technology base held here; the hypersonic defence system returned to National Security, with the sensing residue held under radar; launch supporting infrastructure excised to Strategic Infrastructure; and the fabrication facility assigned to Strategic Infrastructure with the process technology held here.", "The asset rule applied: nodes that named platform or device classes rather than capacities were recast or absorbed, with the platforms registering at the indicator layer under the technology capabilities they instantiate.", "Artificial Intelligence consolidated and modernised: the hardware nodes moved to the semiconductor group, the standalone language node absorbed into the model capability because the field consolidated around general-purpose systems, and the adversarial node broadened to the full safety, security and evaluation capacity now institutionalised as standing state function.", "Quantum Technologies renamed and carried whole, the only group whose every identifier persists: sensing broadened to metrology, quantum-resistant cryptography retained in the group on the logic that the threat, the timeline and the national programmes that own the response are quantum ones, and every description rewritten from definition to capacity.", "The v0.0 connectivity group reconstituted as Connectivity, Cyber & Trust Technologies: computing removed to the semiconductor group, the undersea node absorbed into infrastructure-independent networks, and the distributed-ledger node recast as the trust-technology capability, from one data architecture to the family of technologies that establish digital trust. The group now holds one coherent thing, the movement, protection and trustworthiness of information.", "The navigation group renamed Sensing, Timing & Navigation to match what it actually holds, a general sensing group; single-modality sensor nodes merged into capability-level sensing families, and positioning recast around operation where satellite navigation is denied, the condition that now defines the capability.", "The v0.0 space-and-robotics group split into Robotics & Autonomous Systems and Space Technologies, with the group identifier retired per the split convention: the two families are separate on every serious classification, and the v0.0 grouping recorded a drafting convenience rather than a structure. Human-Machine Interfaces added, the one wholly new capability in the release.", "Boundaries codified at domain level: the four-layer read; the plant-versus-process seam with Strategic Infrastructure; the technology-versus-employment seam with National Security; the field-position-versus-aggregate-research seam with Human Capital, the same evidence under two lenses without duplication; commercialisation and scale-up to the economic domains; and control machinery to governance, with the leverage it exercises recorded here at the control layer.", "Identifier persistence: the domain code, seven of ten capability group codes and 42 capability codes are carried unchanged, eight capabilities carrying by same-level relocation under the convention; 22 codes are retired (see retired_codes); all new nodes carry null codes pending assignment.", "Capability groups and capabilities reordered from matter to orbit, read as one line: forge, charge, compute, learn, leap, link, sense, act, code, ascend. The reasoning is documented per node in the order_logic field, and the four-layer read carries the ordering down to the indicator level.", "Corrections to the house standard: sentence-case capability names raised to title case, the only domain that carried them, and spellings corrected throughout." ], "retired_codes": [ { "code": "factbase.org/cap/VDWGABY012", "name": "Advanced protection", "disposition": "Merged into Structural & Composite Materials (factbase.org/cap/3GKXK8FP0G): protection is an application of structural materials, not a separate capacity." }, { "code": "factbase.org/cap/B7F5G9TZ0B", "name": "Coatings", "disposition": "Merged into Functional Materials & Coatings (factbase.org/cap/EFGR7R6K02): one family of engineered function, split in v0.0 only by where the function sits." }, { "code": "factbase.org/cap/JNVVCZPC05", "name": "Novel metamaterials", "disposition": "Merged into Nanomaterials & Metamaterials (factbase.org/cap/H6EDVXCQ0Q): one capacity, engineering properties through structure at small scale." }, { "code": "factbase.org/cap/P7JBMYVR1Y", "name": "High-specification machining processes", "disposition": "Merged into Additive & Precision Manufacturing (factbase.org/cap/EMBM2M9E1B): additive and subtractive precision are one making capacity." }, { "code": "factbase.org/cap/MWVGXV5101", "name": "Critical minerals extraction and processing", "disposition": "Extraction and processing operations to Strategic Infrastructure, under Resource Infrastructure; processing, substitution and recycling technology persists as indicators across the materials capabilities." }, { "code": "factbase.org/cap/XM9CBEDY0J", "name": "Supercapacitors", "disposition": "Merged into Batteries & Energy Storage (factbase.org/cap/M079CQ720P): one storage capacity, two chemistries, distinguished at the indicator layer." }, { "code": "factbase.org/cap/8SHHJ5B707", "name": "Biofuels", "disposition": "Merged into Hydrogen, Ammonia & Sustainable Fuels (factbase.org/cap/51GDXAG414): sustainable fuel technology as a class, with pathways distinguished at the indicator layer." }, { "code": "factbase.org/cap/CPHX68BT1S", "name": "Nuclear waste management and recycling", "disposition": "Merged into Advanced Nuclear & Fusion (factbase.org/cap/00BV57J50X): the fuel cycle is one technological capacity end to end; the facilities are Strategic Infrastructure's." }, { "code": "factbase.org/cap/FAABWG7R07", "name": "Electronic warfare", "disposition": "Operational capability to National Security, under Electronic Warfare & Spectrum Operations; the radio-frequency technology base registers under Advanced Wireless Communication and Radar & Radiofrequency Sensing." }, { "code": "factbase.org/cap/P0W3SXGK00", "name": "Advanced integrated circuit design and fabrication", "disposition": "Split into Semiconductor Design & EDA and Advanced Semiconductor Fabrication: design and fabrication are different national positions in one chain, held separately in practice." }, { "code": "factbase.org/cap/AGZBA6CG0Q", "name": "AI algorithms and hardware accelerators", "disposition": "Merged into High-Performance & AI Computing (factbase.org/cap/EEFHJ9SJ2Q): hardware for computation is one capacity, and it belongs with the semiconductor value chain." }, { "code": "factbase.org/cap/T1PYR8FN0Q", "name": "Natural language processing (including speech and text recognition and analysis)", "disposition": "Merged into Machine Learning & Foundation Models (factbase.org/cap/AH3D4HX51F): the field consolidated around general-purpose models, and the standalone node recorded the discipline as it was, not the capability as it is." }, { "code": "factbase.org/cap/RCXASJ9214", "name": "Advanced undersea wireless communication", "disposition": "Merged into Resilient & Infrastructure-Independent Networks (factbase.org/cap/Q2BGP4XP0S): one capacity, communication without or beyond infrastructure, distinguished only by medium." }, { "code": "factbase.org/cap/EYTP6DKY0N", "name": "Gravitational-force sensors", "disposition": "Merged into Resilient Positioning & Navigation (factbase.org/cap/92JJJPB82Q): a sensing modality of one capacity, positioning without satellites." }, { "code": "factbase.org/cap/R440ZCFQ2G", "name": "Magnetic field sensors", "disposition": "Merged into Resilient Positioning & Navigation (factbase.org/cap/92JJJPB82Q): a sensing modality of one capacity, positioning without satellites." }, { "code": "factbase.org/cap/6APA6KE301", "name": "Photonic sensors", "disposition": "Merged into Advanced Imaging & Photonic Sensing (factbase.org/cap/VYG5EBQH28): one electro-optical sensing capacity, previously split between application and component." }, { "code": "factbase.org/cap/9YG7JCF02H", "name": "Hypersonic detection and tracking", "disposition": "Sensing residue into Radar & Radiofrequency Sensing (factbase.org/cap/R5W4QQ0Y0W); the defence system built on the track to National Security, under Integrated Air & Missile Defence." }, { "code": "factbase.org/cap/XWF3HZBS1B", "name": "Autonomous underwater vehicles", "disposition": "Merged into Uncrewed & Collaborative Systems (factbase.org/cap/VSYEC0N507): a platform class recorded as a capability; the asset rule assigns platforms to the indicator layer." }, { "code": "factbase.org/cap/BWV9KNRP0V", "name": "Air-independent propulsion", "disposition": "Merged into Advanced Propulsion & Hypersonic Systems (factbase.org/cap/BT6M3JP60W): propulsion is one technology capacity across regimes; the platform application registers elsewhere." }, { "code": "factbase.org/cap/Y579ZGMC0V", "name": "Genetic engineering", "disposition": "Merged into Synthetic Biology & Genetic Engineering (factbase.org/cap/GKT52EY61S): editing and engineering biology are one writing capacity, split in v0.0 by vintage of technique." }, { "code": "factbase.org/cap/3J6Q2ZGM1J", "name": "Novel antibiotics and antivirals", "disposition": "Merged into Advanced Therapeutics, Vaccines & Medical Countermeasures (factbase.org/cap/W75WG1C328): one therapeutic-development capacity across modalities, with antimicrobial resistance persisting as a named indicator family." }, { "code": "factbase.org/cpg/E9PD913Q12", "name": "Space, Robotics & Mobility", "disposition": "Group split into Robotics & Autonomous Systems and Space Technologies." } ] }, "description": "The capacity to discover, make, deploy and control the technologies on which security and prosperity now depend, held as national capacity across ten technology families rather than as a catalogue of research fields.", "boundary_conditions": "Critical Technology holds technology as national capacity under one corollary of the framework's rule: a technology is not a capability, the capability is the capacity to discover, make, deploy and control it, and every capability in the domain is read across those four layers at the indicator level, research strength, frontier production, adoption and diffusion, and supply-chain position and leverage, in that order. Platform and device classes are asset classes and register at the indicator layer. The seams: physical plant, fabrication facilities, laboratories, data and computing centres, launch complexes, reactors and production works, belongs to Strategic Infrastructure, with the process technology and know-how held here; operational employment, cyber and electromagnetic operations, missile and counter-uncrewed defence, the military use of autonomy and space, belongs to National Security, with the technology base held here; the people, the research workforce, digital and AI skills and doctoral training, belong to Human Capital, whose Knowledge Production holds the aggregate research enterprise while this domain reads position within named technology families, the same evidence under two lenses without duplication; commercialisation, industrial scale-up and trade in technology goods belong to the economic domains, with the deploy layer here reading diffusion rather than revenue; and export controls, investment screening and research-security machinery belong to governance, as instruments, with the leverage they exercise recorded here at the control layer. Excluded by design: policy instruments themselves, which are levers on capability rather than capability, and intent, since the domain records dual-use capacity as capacity, with employment classified where it occurs.", "order_logic": "Capability groups run from matter to orbit: the materials and processes that make things (Advanced Materials & Manufacturing), the energy that powers them (Energy Technologies), the computational substrate (Semiconductors & Advanced Computing), the intelligence built on it (Artificial Intelligence), the physics beyond it (Quantum Technologies), the networks that carry, secure and trust information (Connectivity, Cyber & Trust Technologies), the senses that perceive the world (Sensing, Timing & Navigation), the machines that act in it (Robotics & Autonomous Systems), the technologies of life (Biotechnology & Health Technologies) and the technologies of space closing (Space Technologies). Read as one line: forge, charge, compute, learn, leap, link, sense, act, code, ascend. Within groups, three conventions order the capabilities: value chains run upstream to downstream, foundation before frontier, and the protective capacity closes the group. At the indicator layer the four reads order discover, make, deploy, control, with the headline measure leading within each, so the deepest level of the taxonomy carries the domain's method.", "version_changes": "Restructured from eight capability groups and 63 capabilities in v0.0 to ten groups and 47 capabilities, rewritten from a catalogue of research fields to national capacity under the four-layer read; boundary_conditions, order_logic and version_changes fields introduced at every level, every description rewritten to open 'The capacity to', and 22 identifiers retired, every one against a named successor, with the retired slices persisting as discover-layer indicators.", "code": "factbase.org/dom/C1RYM55Q2M", "level": "domain", "capabilityGroups": [ { "name": "Advanced Materials & Manufacturing", "description": "The capacity to design, make and scale the materials and manufacturing processes on which advanced industry and defence depend, from structural composites to energetic chemistry and the additive, precision and process technologies that turn matter into product.", "boundary_conditions": "Holds materials and manufacturing technology as national capacity. Industrial production at scale belongs to the economic domains and to Strategic Infrastructure's manufacturing capabilities; mining and commodity processing operations to Strategic Infrastructure's Resource Infrastructure, with processing, substitution and recycling technology reading across this group's capabilities at the control layer; munitions production and stockpiles to National Security and Strategic Infrastructure, with the underlying chemistry held here.", "order_logic": "Passive structure to active function to frontier scale, then the materials of energy and force, then the processes that make matter useful: Structural & Composite Materials; Functional Materials & Coatings; Nanomaterials & Metamaterials; Superconducting, Magnetic & Photonic Materials; Energetic Materials; then Additive & Precision Manufacturing and Advanced Chemical & Process Manufacturing closing as the making capacity.", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 (formerly Advanced Materials) with the same identifier and consolidated from thirteen capabilities to seven: five nodes merged into capability-level families and the minerals node returned to Strategic Infrastructure, on the logic that research-convenient slices are indicator territory, not capabilities.", "code": "factbase.org/cpg/TNP52GEY0H", "level": "capability group", "capabilities": [ { "name": "Structural & Composite Materials", "description": "The capacity to design, produce and qualify structural materials, advanced composites, alloys and protective armour systems, that carry load, save weight and withstand extremes across aerospace, defence and industry.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers the materials and their qualification, absorbing the protection node; the platforms built from them register under other domains, and armour as fielded equipment is an indicator under the force capabilities of National Security.", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 (formerly Advanced composite materials) with the same identifier, absorbing Advanced protection (retired): protection is an application of structural materials, not a separate national capacity, and its evidence persists at the discover layer.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/3GKXK8FP0G", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "research publication share in structural materials", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "patent families in composites and alloys", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "advanced composites production capacity", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] }, { "name": "Functional Materials & Coatings", "description": "The capacity to engineer materials and surfaces that do something, respond, adapt, protect, sense or heal, from stimulus-responsive materials to multifunctional engineered coatings.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers functional materials and engineered surfaces; the devices that exploit them, sensors, actuators and electronics, sit with the sensing, robotics and semiconductor groups.", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 (formerly Smart materials) with the same identifier, absorbing Coatings (retired): the two nodes described one family of engineered function, split only by where the function sits.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/EFGR7R6K02", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "research publication share in functional materials", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "patent families in smart materials and coatings", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] }, { "name": "Nanomaterials & Metamaterials", "description": "The capacity to engineer matter at the nanoscale and to design materials whose structure, not their chemistry, gives them properties nature does not supply.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers nanoscale engineering and structured materials; their applications read across the domain, from semiconductors to sensing to therapeutics, and register under the capabilities they enable.", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 (formerly Nanoscale materials and manufacturing) with the same identifier, absorbing Novel metamaterials (retired): both nodes hold the same capacity, engineering properties through structure at small scale.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/H6EDVXCQ0Q", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "research publication share in nanomaterials", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "patent families in nanotechnology", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "nanomaterials production output", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] }, { "name": "Superconducting, Magnetic & Photonic Materials", "description": "The capacity to produce the superconducting, magnetic and photonic materials that underpin high-field magnets, quantum and fusion machines, power systems and photonics.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers the enabling materials; the machines built on them sit with their own capabilities across the quantum, energy and connectivity groups, and rare-earth and speciality supply reads at this capability's control layer.", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 (formerly Advanced magnets and superconductors) with the same identifier; broadened to the photonic materials base and recast from a definition of superconductivity to the capacity to supply the materials that enable frontier machines.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/AHQ2Z8FP1N", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "research publication share in superconductors and magnets", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "high-performance magnet production share", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "superconducting wire production capacity", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] }, { "name": "Energetic Materials", "description": "The capacity to research, formulate and produce energetic materials, propellant and explosives chemistry, at the quality and scale national programmes require.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers the chemistry and its production technology; munitions manufacture and magazine depth belong to National Security's sustainment and industrial capabilities, and explosives plants to Strategic Infrastructure.", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 (formerly Advanced explosives and energetic materials) with the same identifier; recast from a definition of energetic substances to the national chemistry-and-production capacity, with the weapons employment seam stated.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/XG4SE74C1K", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "research publication share in energetic materials", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "propellant and explosives production capacity", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] }, { "name": "Additive & Precision Manufacturing", "description": "The capacity to make parts that could not be made before and to finish them to tolerances that decide performance: additive manufacturing and high-precision production technology.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers the manufacturing technology; its industrial diffusion reads at the deploy layer, and the factories themselves belong to Strategic Infrastructure.", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 (formerly Additive manufacturing (including 3D printing)) with the same identifier, absorbing High-specification machining processes (retired): additive and subtractive precision are one making capacity, separated in v0.0 only by technique.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/EMBM2M9E1B", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "research publication share in additive manufacturing", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "industrial additive systems installed", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "machine tool production and trade balance", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] }, { "name": "Advanced Chemical & Process Manufacturing", "description": "The capacity to design and run advanced chemical and process manufacturing, continuous-flow synthesis, process intensification and the scale-up technology that turns laboratory chemistry into industrial supply.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers process technology; chemical plants belong to Strategic Infrastructure, and pharmaceutical production technology is shared with Biomanufacturing, classified by what is being made.", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 (formerly Continuous flow chemical synthesis) with the same identifier; broadened from a single technique to the process-manufacturing capacity the technique exemplifies.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/X1ETSGZE1C", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "research publication share in process chemistry", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "speciality chemicals output", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "process technology licensing", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] } ] }, { "name": "Energy Technologies", "description": "The capacity to develop and command the technologies that store, carry and generate energy, and to direct energy as effect, from storage chemistry and sustainable fuels to advanced nuclear, fusion and directed energy.", "boundary_conditions": "Holds energy technology as national capacity; the operating fleet, grids, plants, storage installations and fuel systems, belongs to Strategic Infrastructure's Energy Infrastructure, and energy markets and transition economics to the economic domains. The seam is technology versus installed system: a storage chemistry is held here, a grid-scale storage fleet there.", "order_logic": "Store, carry, generate from the sun to the atom, then energy as directed effect closing at the defence-applied edge: Batteries & Energy Storage; Hydrogen, Ammonia & Sustainable Fuels; Next-Generation Solar & Renewables; Advanced Nuclear & Fusion; Directed Energy Technologies.", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 (formerly Energy Technology) with the same identifier; consolidated from nine capabilities to five, with electronic warfare returned to National Security as an operational capability, storage chemistry unified, fuels unified as a class and the fuel cycle folded into the nuclear capability.", "code": "factbase.org/cpg/Q1GEY8591R", "level": "capability group", "capabilities": [ { "name": "Batteries & Energy Storage", "description": "The capacity to develop and produce electrochemical and electrical energy storage, cell chemistries, capacitive storage and the manufacturing technology behind them, at the frontier of density, safety and cost.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers storage technology from chemistry to cell and pack manufacture; grid-scale installations belong to Strategic Infrastructure, and battery-materials supply reads at the control layer, shared with the materials group.", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 (formerly Electric batteries) with the same identifier, absorbing Supercapacitors (retired): one storage capacity, two chemistries, with the distinction living at the indicator layer.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/M079CQ720P", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "research publication share in energy storage", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "battery cell manufacturing capacity", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "battery patent families", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "cell export share", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] }, { "name": "Hydrogen, Ammonia & Sustainable Fuels", "description": "The capacity to produce, carry and use hydrogen, ammonia and sustainable fuels, electrolysis, synthesis, storage and end use, as energy carriers at national scale.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers the fuel technologies; production plants and distribution belong to Strategic Infrastructure, and fuel markets to the economic domains.", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 (formerly Hydrogen and ammonia for power) with the same identifier, absorbing Biofuels (retired): the capability is sustainable fuel technology as a class, with the pathways distinguished at the indicator layer.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/51GDXAG414", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "research publication share in hydrogen and fuels", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "electrolyser manufacturing capacity", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "low-carbon fuel production volume", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] }, { "name": "Next-Generation Solar & Renewables", "description": "The capacity to advance next-generation solar and renewable generation technology, new cell architectures, conversion frontiers and the manufacturing processes that set cost and efficiency.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers generation technology; the installed renewable fleet belongs to Strategic Infrastructure, and manufacturing scale reads at this capability's make and control layers.", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 (formerly Photovoltaics) with the same identifier; broadened from one technology to the renewable-generation frontier and recast from a definition to the capacity to advance and manufacture it.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/DYT5KB3F1Z", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "research publication share in photovoltaics", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "solar module manufacturing capacity share", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "record cell efficiency holdings", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] }, { "name": "Advanced Nuclear & Fusion", "description": "The capacity to design, build and fuel advanced nuclear systems, next-generation and small modular reactors, fusion, and the fuel-cycle and waste technologies that sustain them.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers reactor, fusion and fuel-cycle technology; operating plants, enrichment and waste facilities belong to Strategic Infrastructure's Nuclear Generation, weapons matters to National Security, and the latency read runs across that seam as established there.", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 (formerly Nuclear energy) with the same identifier, absorbing Nuclear waste management and recycling (retired): the fuel cycle is one technological capacity end to end, and the facilities are Strategic Infrastructure's.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/00BV57J50X", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "research publication share in nuclear and fusion", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "advanced reactor designs under licensing", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "enrichment and fuel fabrication capacity", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "fusion facilities in operation", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] }, { "name": "Directed Energy Technologies", "description": "The capacity to master directed energy, high-energy lasers, high-power microwaves and the beam control, power and thermal technologies behind them.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers the technology base; employment as a weapon or defeat mechanism belongs to National Security's strike, shield and counter-uncrewed capabilities.", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 with the same identifier; retained in this group on the logic that the binding constraints are energy technologies, power, storage, thermal management and beam control, with the employment seam to National Security stated.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/6ETBWPAY0D", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "research publication share in directed energy", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "demonstrated laser power levels", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "directed energy programmes in test", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] } ] }, { "name": "Semiconductors & Advanced Computing", "description": "The capacity to design, fabricate, tool, package and compute: the semiconductor value chain end to end, and the high-performance and AI computing built on it.", "boundary_conditions": "Holds the technology of the value chain; the fabrication plants, packaging works and computing centres as facilities belong to Strategic Infrastructure, chip trade and industrial outcomes to the economic domains, and control instruments to governance, with the leverage they exercise recorded at this group's control layer. Design tools, fabrication processes, equipment and materials are each held as capacities in their own right because each is a distinct point of national position in one chain.", "order_logic": "The value chain upstream to downstream, then the systems it exists to build: Semiconductor Design & EDA; Advanced Semiconductor Fabrication; Semiconductor Equipment & Materials; Advanced Packaging & Heterogeneous Integration; Compound & Power Semiconductors; High-Performance & AI Computing closing.", "version_changes": "New group in v0.1, assembled from nodes previously filed inside the AI, connectivity and materials groups. The v0.0 taxonomy held the era's most contested technology chain as a single capability inside another group and split computing across two; the value chain becomes the capability structure because national position is won and lost at each of its stages.", "code": null, "level": "capability group", "capabilities": [ { "name": "Semiconductor Design & EDA", "description": "The capacity to design leading-edge semiconductors and to command the design layer itself, electronic design automation, intellectual-property cores and verification, on which all design depends.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers design and design tooling; fabrication sits with the next capability, and design strength and tool dependence read at this capability's make and control layers respectively.", "version_changes": "New in v0.1, from the split of the v0.0 design-and-fabrication node (retired): design and fabrication are different national positions in the chain, held separately in practice, and a single node could not record that.", "code": null, "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "fabless design revenue share", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "design tool market position", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "chip design starts at advanced nodes", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] }, { "name": "Advanced Semiconductor Fabrication", "description": "The capacity to fabricate semiconductors at or near the leading edge: the process technology, yield mastery and production know-how of advanced nodes.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers process technology and fabrication capacity as capability; the fabrication plant as a facility belongs to Strategic Infrastructure's Production Systems, and mature-node capacity reads at the same layers with different weights.", "version_changes": "New in v0.1, from the split of the v0.0 design-and-fabrication node (retired), on the same logic: the capacity to fabricate is the scarcest position in the chain and warrants its own record.", "code": null, "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "leading-edge wafer capacity share", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "foundry revenue share", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "fab construction pipeline", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] }, { "name": "Semiconductor Equipment & Materials", "description": "The capacity to build the machines and supply the materials that make chipmaking possible: lithography, deposition, etch and metrology equipment, photoresists, wafers and speciality chemicals and gases.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers the equipment and materials layer of the chain, the point of maximum chokepoint leverage, read chiefly at the control layer; equipment factories belong to Strategic Infrastructure, and materials chemistry is shared with the materials group.", "version_changes": "New in v0.1; the v0.0 taxonomy had no node for the layer of the chain where supply concentration is greatest and where control instruments actually operate, a structural blindness this release repairs.", "code": null, "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "semiconductor equipment market share", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "lithography and deposition tool supply position", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "wafer and photoresist supply share", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] }, { "name": "Advanced Packaging & Heterogeneous Integration", "description": "The capacity to assemble, package and integrate semiconductors at the frontier: advanced packaging, chiplet architectures and heterogeneous integration, where system performance is increasingly won.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers packaging and integration technology; assembly plants belong to Strategic Infrastructure, and the migration of frontier value into this stage reads across its make and control layers.", "version_changes": "New in v0.1; added because the performance frontier has moved beyond transistor scaling into integration, and a value-chain structure without this stage would misread where position is now contested.", "code": null, "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "advanced packaging capacity share", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "assembly and test revenue share", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] }, { "name": "Compound & Power Semiconductors", "description": "The capacity to develop and produce compound, wide-bandgap and power semiconductors, the device families that carry power electronics, radio frequency and extreme environments.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers compound and power device technology; its applications read under the energy, connectivity and defence capabilities, and its materials base is shared with the materials group.", "version_changes": "Relocated in v0.1 from the materials group (formerly Wide and ultrawide bandgap semiconductors) at the same level, carrying its identifier under the relocation convention: the node is a semiconductor device family and belongs with its value chain.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/H4YJ782F1R", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "wide-bandgap device production share", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "power semiconductor revenue share", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "compound wafer capacity", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] }, { "name": "High-Performance & AI Computing", "description": "The capacity to build and operate computing at the frontier: supercomputing, AI training and inference at scale, and the accelerator and system architectures that deliver them.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers computing capability as capacity; the centres as facilities belong to Strategic Infrastructure's data and compute capability, access to frontier compute reads at the deploy and control layers, and the models trained on it sit with Artificial Intelligence.", "version_changes": "Relocated in v0.1 from the connectivity group (formerly High performance computing) at the same level, carrying its identifier under the relocation convention, and absorbing the accelerator node (retired) from the AI group: hardware for computation is one capacity, and v0.0 held it in two groups, neither of them this chain.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/EEFHJ9SJ2Q", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "top-ranked supercomputers held", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "installed AI accelerator compute", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "domestic accelerator design and production", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] } ] }, { "name": "Artificial Intelligence", "description": "The capacity to build, apply and govern artificial intelligence: the models, their application across the economy and the state, and the safety, security and evaluation capacity that makes them usable.", "boundary_conditions": "Holds AI technology as national capacity. The compute it trains on sits with Semiconductors & Advanced Computing, the data-centre estate with Strategic Infrastructure, the skills base with Human Capital, diffusion through the economy at this group's deploy layer with economic outcomes in the economic domains, and military employment with National Security, where AI registers as a means. Regulation and international rules belong to the governance domain, with the evaluation capacity that informs them held here.", "order_logic": "The models, their application, then the protective capacity closing: Machine Learning & Foundation Models; Applied AI & Advanced Analytics; AI Safety, Security & Evaluation.", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 with the same identifier; consolidated from six capabilities to three, with the hardware nodes moved to the semiconductor group, the language node absorbed into the model capability as the field consolidated around general-purpose systems, and the adversarial node broadened to the full safety, security and evaluation capacity.", "code": "factbase.org/cpg/5086TTJV27", "level": "capability group", "capabilities": [ { "name": "Machine Learning & Foundation Models", "description": "The capacity to train, tune and field machine learning at the frontier, foundation and general-purpose models, and the model families across language, vision and science built on them.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers model development as capacity; frontier compute access reads at the control layer through the semiconductor group, and the research workforce through Human Capital, with field position read here.", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 (formerly Machine learning (including neural networks and deep learning)) with the same identifier, absorbing Natural language processing (retired): the field consolidated around general-purpose models, and a taxonomy that held language apart recorded the discipline as it was, not the capability as it is.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/AH3D4HX51F", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "research publication share in machine learning", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "notable frontier models produced", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "highly cited AI researchers", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "private AI investment", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] }, { "name": "Applied AI & Advanced Analytics", "description": "The capacity to apply AI and advanced analytics across the economy and the state, turning models and data into decisions, products and services at scale.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers application and diffusion capacity, the deploy layer made explicit as a capability; sector outcomes belong to the economic domains, and government adoption reads here with the machinery of government itself in governance.", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 (formerly Advanced data analytics) with the same identifier; recast from a definition of analytics to the application capacity, because national advantage increasingly accrues to states that deploy, not only to states that discover.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/F4GA2HBF1E", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "AI adoption rate among firms", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "AI patent families", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "AI startup formation and funding", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] }, { "name": "AI Safety, Security & Evaluation", "description": "The capacity to evaluate, secure and align AI systems: testing and evaluation, robustness against attack and misuse, and the standing institutions that assess frontier models.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers the technical safety, security and evaluation capacity; regulation and international governance belong to the governance domain, and cyber defence of AI systems is shared with the protective cybersecurity capability.", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 (formerly Adversarial AI) with the same identifier; broadened from attack-and-defence research to the full evaluation capacity, matching the institutionalisation of model assessment as a standing state function.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/T266WRYB20", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "research publication share in AI safety and evaluation", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "standing national model evaluation institutes", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "frontier model evaluations published", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] } ] }, { "name": "Quantum Technologies", "description": "The capacity to command the second quantum revolution: computation, communication, sensing and metrology, and the cryptography that survives it.", "boundary_conditions": "Holds quantum technology as national capacity; the enabling materials, cryogenics and photonics are shared with the materials group, the specialist workforce with Human Capital, and the migration of national systems to quantum-resistant cryptography reads at the deploy layer with the systems themselves across Strategic Infrastructure and National Security.", "order_logic": "The machine, the link, the measurement dividend, then the protective capacity closing: Quantum Computing; Quantum Communication; Quantum Sensing & Metrology; Post-Quantum Cryptography.", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 (formerly Quantum Computing) with the same identifier and renamed to the breadth it always held; all four capability identifiers persist, the only group in the domain carried whole, with sensing broadened to metrology and every description rewritten from definition to capacity.", "code": "factbase.org/cpg/2AVA17HE0F", "level": "capability group", "capabilities": [ { "name": "Quantum Computing", "description": "The capacity to build and operate quantum computers, hardware platforms, error correction, and the algorithms and software that will extract advantage from them.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers quantum computation as capacity; its enabling materials sit with the materials group, and its eventual cryptanalytic consequence is the threat model against which Post-Quantum Cryptography is held.", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 with the same identifier; rewritten from a definition of quantum computing to the national capacity to build, operate and use it.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/TRDFGP7J2V", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "research publication share in quantum computing", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "quantum computing patent families", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "operational quantum processors and qubit scale", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "quantum startup investment", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] }, { "name": "Quantum Communication", "description": "The capacity to communicate with quantum states, quantum key distribution, quantum networks and the path toward quantum-secure links at national scale.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers quantum communication technology; the fibre and satellite infrastructure it rides on belongs to Strategic Infrastructure, and classical quantum-resistant cryptography is the neighbouring capability.", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 (formerly Quantum communication (including quantum key distribution)) with the same identifier; rewritten from definition to capacity.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/8M8XMR9X07", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "research publication share in quantum communication", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "quantum key distribution networks deployed", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] }, { "name": "Quantum Sensing & Metrology", "description": "The capacity to measure the world at quantum precision, sensing, timing and metrology beyond classical limits, for navigation, detection and science.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers the quantum sensing frontier; its fielded applications read under Sensing, Timing & Navigation and the defence capabilities they serve, classified by technology here and by employment there.", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 (formerly Quantum sensors) with the same identifier; broadened to metrology and recast from device definition to measurement capacity.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/VMXVW59Y0T", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "research publication share in quantum sensing", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "quantum sensing patent families", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] }, { "name": "Post-Quantum Cryptography", "description": "The capacity to develop, standardise and migrate to cryptography that withstands quantum attack, the algorithms, the implementations and the national transition of systems that must stay secret for decades.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers the cryptographic capability and the migration capacity; the systems being migrated belong to their own domains, and the migration's progress is this capability's deploy-layer indicator. Retained in this group on the logic that the threat, the timeline and the national programmes that own the response are quantum ones.", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 with the same identifier; recast from algorithm definition to the standardisation-and-migration capacity, which is where states now differ.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/NVJC13B329", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "standardised algorithms authored or co-authored", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "national migration mandates issued", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "share of government systems migrated", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] } ] }, { "name": "Connectivity, Cyber & Trust Technologies", "description": "The capacity to carry, secure and trust information: the optical and wireless frontier, the networks that survive infrastructure loss, the technologies that defend systems and data, and the technologies that establish digital trust.", "boundary_conditions": "Holds communications, cyber and trust technology as national capacity; the deployed networks belong to Strategic Infrastructure's Communications & Digital Infrastructure, cyber and electromagnetic operations to National Security with the technology base held here, and standards position reads at the control layer with the diplomacy of standards in the influence domain.", "order_logic": "Carry, secure, trust: the fibre core (Advanced Optical Communication & Photonics), the radio edge (Advanced Wireless Communication), the networks that survive without either (Resilient & Infrastructure-Independent Networks), then the technologies that defend the traffic (Protective Cybersecurity Technologies), with the trust layer that rides on it closing (Privacy, Identity & Trust Technologies).", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 (formerly Advanced ICT) with the same identifier, reconstituted and renamed: computing removed to the semiconductor group, the undersea node absorbed into resilient networks, and the distributed-ledger node recast as the trust-technology capability. The group now holds one coherent thing, the movement, protection and trustworthiness of information.", "code": "factbase.org/cpg/PSFVFK6X07", "level": "capability group", "capabilities": [ { "name": "Advanced Optical Communication & Photonics", "description": "The capacity to advance optical communication and photonics, fibre systems, free-space optics and the photonic components that set the speed and capacity of networks.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers the optical technology frontier; deployed fibre and subsea systems belong to Strategic Infrastructure, and photonic materials are shared with the materials group.", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 (formerly Advanced optical communication) with the same identifier; rewritten from a definition of optical communication to the capacity to advance and supply it, with photonics named.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/RS01993T07", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "research publication share in optical communication", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "photonic component production share", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "optical transmission records held", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] }, { "name": "Advanced Wireless Communication", "description": "The capacity to lead in advanced wireless, current and next-generation mobile systems, non-terrestrial networks and the radio technologies and standards positions that shape them.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers wireless technology and standards position; deployed mobile networks belong to Strategic Infrastructure, spectrum allocation to governance, and vendor position in network equipment reads at the make and control layers.", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 (formerly Advanced radiofrequency communication) with the same identifier; recast from a definition of wireless transfer to the capacity to lead the generational transitions where national position is actually contested.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/QRYJVA801Z", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "standard-essential patent share in mobile standards", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "network equipment vendor market share", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "next-generation trial deployments", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] }, { "name": "Resilient & Infrastructure-Independent Networks", "description": "The capacity to communicate when infrastructure fails or is denied: mesh and self-organising networks, undersea and hostile-environment communication, and links that need no fixed network.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers infrastructure-independent communication technology, absorbing the undersea node; military employment sits with National Security's command and communications capability, and civil resilience use with the resilience domain.", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 (formerly Mesh and infrastructure independent networks) with the same identifier, absorbing Advanced undersea wireless communication (retired): both nodes hold one capacity, communication without or beyond infrastructure, distinguished only by medium.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/Q2BGP4XP0S", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "research publication share in resilient networking", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "mesh and tactical network systems fielded", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] }, { "name": "Protective Cybersecurity Technologies", "description": "The capacity to develop the technologies that protect systems and data, defensive tooling, secure architectures, detection and response technology, and the security engineering beneath them.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers the protective technology base; defensive operations belong to National Security's Defensive Cyber Operations, the protected infrastructure to Strategic Infrastructure, and the security workforce to Human Capital. The seam is technology versus operation: the tool is held here, its employment there.", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 (formerly Protective cyber security technologies) with the same identifier; retained in its original group as the security layer of connectivity, with the operational seam to National Security stated.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/4MZ9YZKS2J", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "cybersecurity patent families", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "cybersecurity industry revenue", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "security firms of global standing", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] }, { "name": "Privacy, Identity & Trust Technologies", "description": "The capacity to establish digital trust: privacy-enhancing technologies, digital identity, cryptographic and distributed systems of record, and the technologies that let strangers transact and states verify.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers trust technology as a family; national identity and payment systems built on it belong to Strategic Infrastructure and governance, and financial applications to the economic domains.", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 (formerly Distributed ledgers) with the same identifier; recast from a single data architecture to the family of trust technologies that architecture exemplifies, the widest rename in the release, carried because the underlying capacity, trust without central authority, is continuous.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/NQRD0HNM08", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "research publication share in cryptography and privacy technologies", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "digital identity systems deployed at national scale", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] } ] }, { "name": "Sensing, Timing & Navigation", "description": "The capacity to know where, when and what: precision timing, navigation that survives denial, and the imaging, radio and acoustic sensing that perceive the world across every medium.", "boundary_conditions": "Holds sensing, timing and navigation technology as national capacity; fielded military sensors and their employment belong to National Security, satellite navigation constellations to the space capabilities of other domains, and the quantum sensing frontier sits with Quantum Technologies, reading here as it matures into fielded timing and navigation.", "order_logic": "Time underwrites position, position underwrites sensing, then the modalities from light to radio to sound, closing at the ocean floor: Precision Timing & Atomic Clocks; Resilient Positioning & Navigation; Advanced Imaging & Photonic Sensing; Radar & Radiofrequency Sensing; Acoustic & Undersea Sensing.", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 (formerly Position, Navigation & Timing) with the same identifier and renamed to what the group actually holds, a general sensing group, not only navigation; consolidated from eight capabilities to five, with single-modality sensor nodes merged into capability-level families on the logic that a sensor type is a slice, not a national capacity.", "code": "factbase.org/cpg/1ATX5DT80H", "level": "capability group", "capabilities": [ { "name": "Precision Timing & Atomic Clocks", "description": "The capacity to keep and distribute time at precision, atomic clocks, timing networks and the national time base on which navigation, communications, finance and power all silently depend.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers timing technology and the national timing capacity; the systems that consume it belong to their own domains, and holdover under satellite denial is the capability's hardest test.", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 (formerly Atomic clocks) with the same identifier; recast from a device definition to the national timing capacity, the device being the indicator.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/SB73WYFP05", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "research publication share in time and frequency", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "national timing infrastructure with holdover capability", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "clock accuracy records held", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] }, { "name": "Resilient Positioning & Navigation", "description": "The capacity to navigate when satellites cannot be trusted: inertial systems, gravitational and magnetic-field navigation, and the alternative positioning technologies that work under denial.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers resilient positioning technology, absorbing the gravitational and magnetic sensing nodes as navigation modalities; satellite constellations belong to the space capabilities of other domains, and navigation warfare to National Security.", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 (formerly Inertial navigation systems) with the same identifier, absorbing Gravitational-force sensors and Magnetic field sensors (retired): the two sensor nodes are modalities of one capacity, positioning without satellites, and persist as its discover-layer indicators.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/92JJJPB82Q", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "research publication share in navigation technologies", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "inertial and alternative navigation systems in production", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] }, { "name": "Advanced Imaging & Photonic Sensing", "description": "The capacity to see beyond the visible: multispectral and hyperspectral imaging, photonic sensing and the electro-optical technologies that turn light into information.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers imaging and photonic sensing technology; intelligence exploitation of imagery belongs to National Security, and photonic components are shared with the connectivity and materials groups.", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 (formerly Multispectral and hyperspectral imaging sensors) with the same identifier, absorbing Photonic sensors (retired): one electro-optical sensing capacity, previously split between an application and a component.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/VYG5EBQH28", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "research publication share in imaging and photonic sensing", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "hyperspectral and electro-optical payloads produced", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] }, { "name": "Radar & Radiofrequency Sensing", "description": "The capacity to sense with radio: radar across bands and apertures, passive radio-frequency sensing, and the detection technologies that find what moves, including the fastest things that fly.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers radar and radio-frequency sensing technology, holding the sensing residue of the retired hypersonic tracking node; the defensive systems that act on the track belong to National Security's shields, and electronic warfare to its electromagnetic capability, with the shared radio-frequency technology base read here.", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 (formerly Radar) with the same identifier, absorbing the sensing residue of Hypersonic detection and tracking (retired): detection of extreme targets is radar capacity at its edge, and the defence system built on it is another domain's capability.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/R5W4QQ0Y0W", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "research publication share in radar", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "advanced radar systems in production", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "radar export deliveries", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] }, { "name": "Acoustic & Undersea Sensing", "description": "The capacity to sense with sound: sonar, acoustic arrays and the undersea sensing technologies on which undersea warfare, seabed awareness and ocean science all rest.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers acoustic and undersea sensing technology; undersea warfare and surveillance operations belong to National Security's maritime capabilities, and ocean-observing infrastructure to Strategic Infrastructure.", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 (formerly Sonar and acoustic sensors) with the same identifier; rewritten from a definition of sonar to the undersea sensing capacity.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/T1BEM91Z0C", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "research publication share in acoustic sensing", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "sonar systems in production", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "seabed sensing arrays deployed", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] } ] }, { "name": "Robotics & Autonomous Systems", "description": "The capacity to build machines that act: robotics, the autonomy that directs them, uncrewed and collaborative systems at scale, and the interfaces that join humans to machines.", "boundary_conditions": "Holds robotics and autonomy as technology capacity; military employment of uncrewed systems belongs to National Security, where they register as a cross-cutting means under the capabilities they serve, industrial deployment reads at this group's deploy layer with production in the economic domains, and the models that animate autonomy sit with Artificial Intelligence.", "order_logic": "The body, the mind, the mass, and the human in the loop closing: Advanced Robotics; Autonomous Systems & Trusted Autonomy; Uncrewed & Collaborative Systems; Human-Machine Interfaces.", "version_changes": "New group in v0.1, created by splitting the v0.0 Space, Robotics & Mobility group, whose identifier is retired per the split convention: robotics and space are separate technology families on every serious classification, and the v0.0 grouping recorded a drafting convenience, not a structure.", "code": null, "level": "capability group", "capabilities": [ { "name": "Advanced Robotics", "description": "The capacity to design and manufacture advanced robots, manipulation, locomotion, industrial and humanoid platforms, and the actuation and control technology beneath them.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers robotic technology and its manufacture; deployment density across the economy is the deploy-layer read, and military robotics registers under National Security's force capabilities.", "version_changes": "Relocated in v0.1 from the split group at the same level, carrying its identifier under the relocation convention; rewritten from a definition of robotics to the capacity to build and field it.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/505KDETD26", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "research publication share in robotics", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "industrial robot production", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "robotics patent families", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] }, { "name": "Autonomous Systems & Trusted Autonomy", "description": "The capacity to make machines decide: autonomy software, perception and planning, assurance and certification, and the trusted-autonomy technology that lets systems act without a hand on them.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers autonomy as technology; the governance of autonomous weapons belongs to the governance domain, their employment to National Security, and the underlying models to Artificial Intelligence.", "version_changes": "Relocated in v0.1 from the split group (formerly Autonomous systems operation technologies) at the same level, carrying its identifier; broadened to trusted autonomy, because assurance, not autonomy alone, is where fielding is decided.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/P7EQBHDX11", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "research publication share in autonomy", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "autonomous vehicle testing permits and miles", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "autonomy patent families", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] }, { "name": "Uncrewed & Collaborative Systems", "description": "The capacity to build uncrewed systems at scale and make them work together: air, ground, surface and underwater platforms, swarming, and the production ecosystems that turn designs into mass.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers uncrewed-systems technology and its production ecosystem, absorbing the underwater platform node; specific platforms are asset classes registering at the indicator layer, and military employment sits with National Security under the capabilities each system serves.", "version_changes": "Relocated in v0.1 from the split group (formerly Drones, swarming and collaborative robots) at the same level, carrying its identifier, and absorbing Autonomous underwater vehicles (retired), a platform class recorded as a capability; the asset rule assigns platforms to the indicator layer.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/VSYEC0N507", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "uncrewed system production volume", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "uncrewed platform export deliveries", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "swarming demonstrations conducted", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] }, { "name": "Human-Machine Interfaces", "description": "The capacity to join humans and machines: brain-computer and neural interfaces, augmented and immersive interaction, and the human-performance technologies at the boundary of person and system.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers interface technology; medical applications are shared with the biotechnology group, classified by purpose, and the ethics and regulation of human enhancement belong to the governance domain.", "version_changes": "New in v0.1, the one wholly new capability in the release: interface technology appears across current government technology lists and had no home in v0.0.", "code": null, "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "research publication share in neural and immersive interfaces", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "interface device trials approved", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] } ] }, { "name": "Biotechnology & Health Technologies", "description": "The capacity to read, write, make and deploy biology: genomics and biological data, engineering biology, biomanufacturing, radioisotope medicine, and the therapeutics and countermeasures that protect the population.", "boundary_conditions": "Holds biotechnology as national capacity; the health system that delivers care belongs to Human Capital, hospitals, laboratories and stockpiles to Strategic Infrastructure, biological defence to National Security, the industry's economic weight to the economic domains, and the governance of biology, biosafety and research oversight, to the governance domain. Dual-use capacity is recorded as capacity, with employment classified where it occurs.", "order_logic": "Read, write, make, treat, then the protective capacity closing: Genomics & Biological Data; Synthetic Biology & Genetic Engineering; Biomanufacturing; Nuclear Medicine & Radioisotope Technologies; Advanced Therapeutics, Vaccines & Medical Countermeasures.", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 (formerly Biotech & Genetics) with the same identifier; consolidated from seven capabilities to five along the read, write, make, treat, protect logic, with the two writing nodes merged and the two therapeutic nodes merged.", "code": "factbase.org/cpg/C1R7JPV524", "level": "capability group", "capabilities": [ { "name": "Genomics & Biological Data", "description": "The capacity to read and hold biology at national scale: sequencing, genomic analysis and the biological datasets that are becoming strategic assets in their own right.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers sequencing and biological-data capacity; population health data governance belongs to the governance domain, health outcomes to Human Capital, and data-holding concentration reads at the control layer.", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 (formerly Genomic sequencing and analysis) with the same identifier; biological data named as strategic asset, the shift from technique to capacity.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/SR9QT9QP16", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "research publication share in genomics", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "national sequencing capacity", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "population genomic datasets held", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] }, { "name": "Synthetic Biology & Genetic Engineering", "description": "The capacity to write biology: engineering organisms and biological systems, gene editing, design tools and the platform technologies that turn biology into an engineering discipline.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers engineering biology as capacity; its manufacturing expression sits with Biomanufacturing, its therapeutic expression with the therapeutics capability, and its misuse potential with National Security's defensive capability and the governance domain's oversight.", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 (formerly Synthetic biology) with the same identifier, absorbing Genetic engineering (retired): editing and engineering biology are one writing capacity, split in v0.0 by vintage of technique.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/GKT52EY61S", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "research publication share in synthetic biology", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "gene editing patent families", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "engineered organism approvals", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] }, { "name": "Biomanufacturing", "description": "The capacity to make with biology: fermentation, cell and gene production platforms, vaccine and biologics manufacture, and the bioprocess technology that turns biological designs into supply.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers biomanufacturing technology and capacity; the plants belong to Strategic Infrastructure, product markets to the economic domains, and sovereign production of countermeasures reads at this capability's make layer with the products under the therapeutics capability.", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 (formerly Biological manufacturing) with the same identifier; recast from a definition of biomanufacturing to the sovereign production capacity, the layer at which states now deliberately build.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/SXV2R9FW2K", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "biologics manufacturing capacity", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "vaccine production capacity", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "fermentation capacity installed", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] }, { "name": "Nuclear Medicine & Radioisotope Technologies", "description": "The capacity to produce and apply medical radioisotopes and radiation technologies, isotope supply, radiopharmaceuticals, and the therapy and imaging systems that depend on a fragile global chain.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers radioisotope and radiation-medicine technology; research reactors and processing facilities belong to Strategic Infrastructure, clinical delivery to Human Capital's health system, and supply concentration is the control-layer read that justifies the node.", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 (formerly Nuclear medicine and radiation therapy) with the same identifier; retained as a standalone capability on supply-chain logic, a global dependence on few producers, rather than on research-field logic.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/JH8DZ65Q2E", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "medical isotope production share", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "research reactors producing isotopes", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "radiopharmaceutical approvals", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] }, { "name": "Advanced Therapeutics, Vaccines & Medical Countermeasures", "description": "The capacity to develop and field advanced therapeutics, vaccines and medical countermeasures, new modalities, antimicrobials, and the development-at-speed capability that pandemics and biological threats demand.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers therapeutic and countermeasure technology through development and approval; stockpiles belong to Strategic Infrastructure, defence against deliberate biological threats to National Security's CBRN Defence, delivery to the population to Human Capital, and regulatory capacity to governance, with development speed the capability's defining test.", "version_changes": "Carried from v0.0 (formerly Vaccines and medical countermeasures) with the same identifier, absorbing Novel antibiotics and antivirals (retired): one therapeutic-development capacity across modalities, with antimicrobial resistance persisting as a named indicator family.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/W75WG1C328", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "novel therapeutics approved", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "vaccine candidates advanced to late-stage trials", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "time from pathogen identification to authorised countermeasure", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] } ] }, { "name": "Space Technologies", "description": "The capacity to master the technologies of reach, speed and presence beyond the atmosphere: launch and reusability, advanced propulsion through hypersonic flight, and the satellite and constellation technologies that put systems on orbit.", "boundary_conditions": "Holds space and high-speed flight technology as national capacity; launch complexes and ground segments belong to Strategic Infrastructure, spacecraft on orbit register as its assets, operational use of space to National Security's Space Operations, and the space economy to the economic domains. The seam is technology versus operation: the ability to build and launch is held here, what the systems then do is held there.", "order_logic": "Reach, speed, presence: Space Launch & Reusable Systems; Advanced Propulsion & Hypersonic Systems; Satellite & Constellation Technologies.", "version_changes": "New group in v0.1, created by splitting the v0.0 Space, Robotics & Mobility group, whose identifier is retired per the split convention; the v0.0 launch node's reach into supporting infrastructure is excised to Strategic Infrastructure, repairing a boundary breach.", "code": null, "level": "capability group", "capabilities": [ { "name": "Space Launch & Reusable Systems", "description": "The capacity to build launch systems and make them reusable, vehicles, engines and the launch-cost frontier that reusability moved.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers launch vehicle and reusability technology; spaceports and ranges belong to Strategic Infrastructure, assured access as an operational outcome to National Security's space group, and commercial launch position reads at the make and control layers.", "version_changes": "Relocated in v0.1 from the split group (formerly Space launch systems (including launch vehicles and supporting infrastructure)) at the same level, carrying its identifier; supporting infrastructure excised to Strategic Infrastructure, and the capability recast around the reusability frontier where position is now decided.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/CHMWBWW32W", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "orbital launches per year", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "reusable launch systems in operation", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "launch cost per kilogram achieved", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] }, { "name": "Advanced Propulsion & Hypersonic Systems", "description": "The capacity to propel flight at the frontier: advanced air-breathing and rocket propulsion, hypersonic flight technologies, and the propulsion systems that decide speed, range and endurance in air, sea and space.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers propulsion technology across regimes, absorbing the underwater propulsion node; hypersonic weapons and their defeat belong to National Security's strike and shield capabilities, and engine manufacture at scale to Strategic Infrastructure and the economic domains.", "version_changes": "Relocated in v0.1 from the split group (formerly Advanced aircraft engines (including hypersonics)) at the same level, carrying its identifier, and absorbing Air-independent propulsion (retired): propulsion is one technology capacity across regimes, and the platform applications register elsewhere.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/BT6M3JP60W", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "research publication share in propulsion and hypersonics", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "hypersonic flight tests conducted", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "advanced engine programmes in development", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] }, { "name": "Satellite & Constellation Technologies", "description": "The capacity to design and produce spacecraft: satellite buses and payloads, constellation architectures, in-orbit servicing, and the manufacturing technology that turned satellites from artisanal to serial.", "boundary_conditions": "Covers spacecraft technology and manufacture; the spacecraft on orbit register as Strategic Infrastructure's assets, their services and defence as National Security's capabilities, and constellation economics with the economic domains.", "version_changes": "Relocated in v0.1 from the split group (formerly Small satellites) at the same level, carrying its identifier; recast from an asset class, one size of spacecraft, to the spacecraft technology capacity, with size classes registering at the indicator layer.", "code": "factbase.org/cap/GJS581S62J", "level": "capability", "indicators": [ { "name": "satellites manufactured per year", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "constellations operated", "code": null, "level": "indicator" }, { "name": "satellite export orders", "code": null, "level": "indicator" } ] } ] } ] }